Endogenous and Exogenous CD1-Binding Glycolipids

Exogenous and Endogenous TLR Ligands

Induced, endogenous and exogenous centrality

entrality egree loseness etweenness itality measures Centrality measures are based upon the structural position an actor has within the network. Induced centrality, sometimes called vitality measures, take graph invariants as an overall measure and derive vertex level measures by deleting individual nodes or edges and examining the overall change. By taking the sum of standard centrality measur...

Shiga Toxin Binding to Glycolipids and Glycans

BACKGROUND Immunologically distinct forms of Shiga toxin (Stx1 and Stx2) display different potencies and disease outcomes, likely due to differences in host cell binding. The glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) has been reported to be the receptor for both toxins. While there is considerable data to suggest that Gb3 can bind Stx1, binding of Stx2 to Gb3 is variable. METHODOLOGY We used iso...

Exogenous and endogenous corticosterone alter feather quality.

We investigated how exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids affect feather replacement in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) after approximately 56% of flight feathers were removed. We hypothesized that corticosterone would retard feather regrowth and decrease feather quality. After feather regrowth began, birds were treated with exogenous corticosterone or sham implants, or endogenous cort...

Optimization under Exogenous and Endogenous Uncertainty

Customary stochastic programs aim at the best feasible decision made before the realization of the random element is observed. The common assumption is that the probability distribution does not depend on decisions — the case of the exogenous uncertainty. This paper focuses on stochastic programming models for which through decisions, a decision-dependent, endogenous randomness is put into effe...